Khutba on Amana

الحمد لله الذي بنعمته تتمُّ الصالحات،وبكرمه وفضله تتوالى النعم بلا نهايات،واشهد ان لا اله الا الله وحده لا شريك له واشهد ان سيدنا محمدا عبده ورسوله ، صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وصحبه وسلم تسليما. أمابعد، عباد الله: إن للأمانة مكانة في الدين وفي الحياة البشرية.

فعن‏أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ‏ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ ‏قَالَ: ‏بَيْنَمَا النَّبِيُّ‏ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ‏‏فِي مَجْلِسٍ يُحَدِّثُ الْقَوْمَ جَاءَهُ أَعْرَابِيٌّ فَقَالَ: مَتَى السَّاعَةُ؟ فَمَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ‏ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ‏يُحَدِّثُ فَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ: سَمِعَ مَا قَالَ فَكَرِهَ مَا قَالَ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: بَلْ لمْ يَسْمَعْ، حَتَّى إِذَا قَضَى حَدِيثَهُ قَالَ: «أَيْنَ أُرَاهُ السَّائِلُ عَنْ السَّاعَةِ؟» قَالَ: هَا أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ‏: «فَإِذَا ضُيِّعَتْ الأَمَانَةُ فَانْتَظِرْ السَّاعَةَ». قَالَ: كَيْفَ إِضَاعَتُهَا؟ قَالَ: «إِذَا‏ ‏وُسِّدَ ‏‏الأَمْرُ إِلَى غَيْرِ أَهْلِهِ، فَانْتَظِرْ السَّاعَةَ» (رواه البخاري).

معني الأمانة: إن المراد من الأمانة ما هو أوسع من أمانات الأموال، قال تعالى: إِنَّا عَرَضْنَا الأَمَانَةَ عَلَى السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ وَالْجِبَالِ فَأَبَيْنَ أَن يَحْمِلْنَهَا وَأَشْفَقْنَ مِنْهَا وَحَمَلَهَا الإِنسَانُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ ظَلُومًا جَهُولاً} [الأحزاب:72].

قال القرطبي في التفسير: "الأمانة تعم جميع وظائف الدين على الصحيح من الأقوال، وهو قول الجمهور".

وقال بعضهم: "الأمانة هي كل ما افترض الله على العباد، فهو أمانة: كالصلاة، والزكاة، والصيام، وأداء الدين، وأوكدها: الودائع" (الكليات: [176]).

الأمانة من أبرز سمات الأنبياء والصالحين: حرص الأنبياء على إبرازها: إِنِّي لَكُمْ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ} [الشعراء 107]، قال تعالى: أَنْ أَدُّوا إِلَيَّ عِبَادَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي لَكُمْ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ} [الدخان:18].

محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم صاحب الحظ الأوفى من الأمانة: سمَّاه قومه: "الأمين" قبل وبعد البعثة.

إبقاؤه صلى الله عليه وسلم على عليً بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه بعد هجرته؛ ليرد الأمانات التي كانت عنده إلى أهلها.

وكذا سيد الملائكة جبريل، قال تعالى  وَإِنَّهُ لَتَنْزِيلُ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ . نَزَلَ بِهِ الرُّوحُ الأَمِينُ . عَلَى قَلْبِكَ لِتَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُنْذِرِينَ} [الشعراء:192-194].

وهي من صفات الصالحين، قال عز وجل: قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ} [المؤمنون:1]، إلى قوله تعالى: وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ لأَمَانَاتِهِمْ وَعَهْدِهِمْ رَاعُونَ} [المؤمنون:8].

لقد أوجب الشرع الحنيف تأدية الأمانة وحِرمة الخيانة: قال تعالى: إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الأَمَانَاتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا} [النساء 58].

أيها المومنون: إن تولية غير الأمناء خيانة للأمانة: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تَخُونُوا اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُولَ وَتَخُونُوا أَمَانَاتِكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ} [الأنفال:27].

وعن عمر بن الخطاب قال: "ومن ولَّى رجلاً على عصابة وهو يجد في تلك العصابة من هو أرضى لله منه؛ فقد خان الله ورسوله والمؤمنين".

وإن تولية غير الأمناء من شهادة الزور: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «أََلا أُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِأَكْبَرِ الْكَبَائِرِ؟». قُلْنَا: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: «الإِشْرَاكُ بِاللَّهِ وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ» وَكَانَ مُتَّكِئًا فَجَلَسَ، فَقَالَ: «أََلا وَقَوْلُ الزُّورِ وَشَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ، أَلا وَقَوْلُ الزُّورِ وَشَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ». قَالَ: فَمَا زَالَ يَقُولُهَا حَتَّى قُلْتُ: لا يَسْكُت (متفق عليه).

شهادة الزور ستحمل آثارها في الدنيا كلما أفسد غير الأمناء: قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: «وَمَنْ سَنَّ فِي الإِسْلامِ سُنَّةً سَيِّئَةً فَعُمِلَ بِهَا بَعْدَهُ كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِ مِثْلُ وِزْرِ مَنْ عَمِلَ بِهَا وَلا يَنْقُصُ مِنْ أَوْزَارِهِمْ شَيْءٌ» (رواه مسلم).

شهادة الزور تحمل آثارها بعد موتك: إِنَّا نَحْنُ نُحْيِ الْمَوْتَى وَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَدَّمُوا وَآثَارَهُمْ وَكُلَّ شَيْءٍ أَحْصَيْنَاهُ فِي إِمَامٍ مُبِين} [يس:12].

وأمانة الولاية والإمارةأعظم أمانة قال صلى الله عليه وسلم: «إِنَّهَا أَمَانَةُ وَإِنَّهَا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ خِزْيٌ وَنَدَامَةٌ إِلاَّ مَنْ أَخَذَهَا بِحَقِّهَا وَأَدَّى الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ فِيها» (رواه مسلم).

الولاية لها ركنان: القوة والأمانة، قال تعالى: إِنَّ خَيْرَ مَنِ اسْتَأْجَرْتَ الْقَوِيُّ الأَمِين} [القصص 66]، وقال صاحب مصر ليوسف عليه السلام: إِنَّكَ الْيَوْمَ لَدَيْنَا مِكِينٌ أَمِينٌ} [يوسف 54].

المقصود بالقوة: القوة في كل ولاية بحسبها، فالقوة في الحكم بين الناس ترجع إلى أهل العلم بالعدل الذي دل عليه الكتاب والسنة، وإلى القدرة على تنفيذ الأحكام.

المقصود بالأمانة: خشية الله وترك خشية الناس، وعدم بيع الدين بالدنيا، قال تعالى: فَلا تَخْشَوُا النَّاسَ وَاخْشَوْنِ وَلا تَشْتَرُوا بِآيَاتِي ثَمَنًا قَلِيلاً} [المائدة 44].

القوة والأمانة في الناس: اجتماع القوة والأمانة في الناس قليل؛ لذا كان عمر يقول: "اللهم أشكو إليك جلد الفاجر وعجز الثقة"

Praise be to Allah by whose blessing all good deeds are completed and by whose generosity and favour blessings flow continuously and without end.  I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, One without partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him and his Family and his Companions.
Slaves of Allah, Amana holds a special status in the deen and the life of the human being.
It is narrated that Abu Hurayra said, “While the Prophet was in a gathering addressing the people, a desert Arab came up to him and said, ‘When is the Final Hour?’ The Messenger of Allah, however, continued to address as he had been, so some of the people said, ‘He heard the man and disliked his words’, while others said, ‘He did not hear him.’ When he finished speaking, the Messenger of Allah said, ‘Where’s the man who asked about the Final Hour?’ ‘Here I am, Messenger of Allah,’ he replied. The Messenger of Allah said, ‘When the amana is wasted, await the Final Hour.’ ‘How is it wasted?’ the man asked. The Messenger of Allah replied, ‘When the amr/ the affair is put in the hands of those who are not meant for it, await the Final Hour.’” (Bukhari)
The word amana has a broad meaning and is not just limited to wealth that is entrusted into another’s hands. Allah says, the translation of which is, “We offered the amana to the heavens, the earth and the mountains but they refused to take it on and shrank from it. But man took it on. He is indeed wrongdoing and ignorant.”
Al-Qurtubi said in his tafsir, “According to the most correct position, and that is the position of the majority, the amana encompasses all the different tasks and duties of the deen.”
One [of the men of knowledge] said, “The amana is everything that Allah made obligatory on His slaves. It is all amana – prayer, zakat, fasting, paying debts, and the most emphasised type – returning wealth entrusted to you.”
Amana is one of the most prominent characteristics of the Prophets and the Salihun, and the Prophets made great efforts to show that quality to the people and make it as obvious as possible. For example, each of them said, as is reported in Surat ash-Shuara, “I am an amin/ a trustworthy Messenger to you.” And Allah says, “When a noble Messenger came to them, saying, ‘Hand over to me the slaves of Allah. I am an amin/ a trustworthy Messenger to you.’”
Muhammad ﷺ had the largest portion of this quality of amana, to the extent that his people nicknamed him, amin/ the trustworthy one, both before and after Prophethood. And to the extent that, when he made hijra, he ﷺ asked Ali ibn abi Talib to stay behind to return all the items of wealth that had been entrusted into his hands back to their rightful owners.
And the same is true of the lord of the angels, Jibril, for Allah says, the translation of which is, “Truly it is Revelation sent down by the Lord of all the worlds. The Amin/ the Faithful Ruh brought it down to your heart so you would be one of the Warners.”
It is one of the qualities of the right acting, for when Allah says, the translation of which is, “It is the muminun who are successful”, listing the qualities of the believers, He says, the translation of which is, “those who honour their amanas/ their trusts and their contracts,”
The pure deen makes it obligatory to fulfil one’s trusts and forbidden to break or betray them. Allah says, the translation of which is, “Allah commands you to return to their owners the things you hold on trust.”
Believers, putting authority in the hands of anyone other than those who are trustworthy is a betrayal of the amana. Allah says, the translation of which is, “You who believe, do not betray Allah and His Messenger, and do not knowingly betray your trusts.”
And it is narrated that Umar ibn al-Khattab said, “Whoever places a man over a group of people when he knows that that there is another man among that group who is more pleasing to Allah has betrayed Allah and His Messenger.”
Appointing those who are not trustworthy is a form of false testimony, about which the Messenger of Allah said, “Should I not tell you of the worst of the major wrong actions?” “Please do, Messenger of Allah,” they replied, so he said, “Associating others with Allah and showing disrespect towards one’s parents.” He was leaning back when he said this. Then he sat up straight and said, “And false witness and false testimony…false witness and false testimony…” and he kept on saying this until the narrator of the hadith narrates that he thought the Prophet would never stop.
False testimony leaves an indelible trace on this world each time the untrustworthy act in a corrupt fashion. The Prophet said, “Anyone who introduces a bad sunna into the deen of Islam will bear the wrong action of everyone who puts that sunna into practice without lessening from their wrong action in any way.”
And false testimony continues to leave its trace after death. Allah says, the translation of which is, “We bring the dead to life and We record what they send ahead and what they leave behind. We have listed everything in a clear register.”
The trust of leadership and authority is one of the greatest forms of amana. The Prophet said, “It is an amana, and on the Day of Rising it will be a humiliation and a regret for all except those who did right by it and fulfilled what it required of them.”
Leadership has two pillars: trust and strength. Allah says, the translation of which is, “The best person to hire is someone strong and trustworthy.” And the king of Egypt said to Yusuf, “Today you are trusted, established in our sight.”
What is meant by strength? It means having strength in each zone of authority according to its merits. So the strength of judging between people lies in taking it back to the people who have knowledge of the justice inherent in the Book of Allah and the Sunna, and having the power to carry out rulings.
What is meant by trust/amana? It means having fear of Allah while leaving aside fear of people, and not selling the deen for any of the things of this world. Allah says, the translation of which is, “Do not be afraid of people, be afraid of Me. And do not sell My Signs for a paltry price.”
It is seldom indeed that these two qualities of trust and strength are found in the same person, and that is why Umar used to say, “O Allah, I complain to you of the strength of those who are immoral and incapacity of the trustworthy.”
الواجب في كل ولاية الأصلح بحسبها  فقد أمَّر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عمرو بن العاص رضي الله عنه في غزوة "ذات السلاسل" استعطافًا لأقاربه الذين بعثه إليهم، وفي الجيش من هو أفضل منه.

وكان أبو بكر يستعمل خالد بن الوليد رضي الله عنه على الجيش، وكان عمر رضي الله عنه يؤثر عزل خالد واستنابة أبي عبيدة بن الجراح؛ لأن خالدًا كان شديدًا كعمر بن الخطاب، وأبو عبيدة كان لينًا كأبي بكر رضي الله عنهم، وكان الأصلح لكل منهما أن يولي من ولاه؛ ليكون أمره معتدلاً.

احذروا تولية الرويبضة: قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: «سَيَأْتِي عَلَى النَّاسِ سَنَوَاتٌ خَدَّاعَاتُ، يُصَدَّقُ فِيهَا الْكَاذِبُ، وَيُكَذَّبُ فِيهَا الصَّادِقُ، وَيُؤْتَمَنُ فِيهَا الْخَائِنُ، وَيُخَوَّنُ فِيهَا الأَمِينُ، وَيَنْطِقُ فِيهَا الرُّوَيْبِضَةُ». قِيلَ: وَمَا الرُّوَيْبِضَةُ؟ قَالَ: «الرَّجُلُ التَّافِهُ فِي أَمْرِ الْعَامَّةِ» (رواه أحمد وابن ماجة،).

تمنُّوا الأمين: فقد كان عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه يقول: "إنما بعثتُ عُمالي عليكم؛ ليعلموكم كتاب ربكم وسنة نبيكم ويقسموا بينكم فيئكم". وكان يقول: "إن أهم أمركم عندي الصلاة، فمن حافظ عليها وحفظها؛ حفظ دينه، ومن ضيعها؛ كان لما سواها من عمله أشد إضاعة".

وقال رجل لعمر رضي الله عنه: يا أمير المؤمنين لو وسعت على نفسك في النفقة من مال الله تعالى، فقال عمر: "أتدري ما مثلي ومثل هؤلاء -يعني الأمة-؟ كمثل قوم كانوا في سفر فجمعوا منهم مالاً وسلموه إلى واحد ينفقه عليهم، فهل يحل لذلك الرجل أن يستأثر عنهم من أموالهم؟!".

اسألوا الله أن نكون ممن يصدق فيه قوله تعالى: الَّذِينَ إِنْ مَكَّنَّاهُمْ فِي الأَرْضِ أَقَامُوا الصَّلاةَ وَآتَوْا الزَّكَاةَ وَأَمَرُوا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَنَهَوْا عَنْ الْمُنْكَرِ وَلِلَّهِ عَاقِبَةُ الأُمُور} [الحج:41].

فاللهم وَلِّ علينا خيارنا ولا تول علينا شرارنا، وهيئ لنا من أمرنا رشدًا. والحمد لله ربّ العالمين.

The one who must be put in each position of authority is the one who is most suited to that position. The Prophet made Amr ibn al-As the commander of the Muslim forces in the battle of Dhat Salasil as a conciliatory gesture towards his family members against whom he had sent him, despite the fact that there were people in the army who were better than him.
And Abu Bakr put Khalid ibn al-Walid in charge of the army, while Umar replaced him with Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarah. He did this because Khalid was harsh like Umar, while Abu Ubayda was gentle like Abu Bakr. So each of them put the one in charge who was most suited, to ensure that the affair and command remained properly balanced.
Beware the appointment of the Ruwabidiyya. The Prophet said, “There will come a time of great deceit when the words of liars will be believed and the words of the truthful will be rejected, a time when the faitlhless will be trusted and the faithful will be deemed untrustworthy, a time when the Ruwabidiyya will speak forth.” “What are the Ruwaybidiyya?” they asked. He replied, “Insignificant little men holding command over the masses.”
Hope for the trustworthy! Umar ibn al-Khattab used to say, “I only placed my governors in authority over you so that they could teach you the Book of your Lord and the Sunna of your Prophet, and so that they could divide up the spoils of battle amongst you.” And he also used to say, “For me, the most important part of your affair is the prayer. Whoever safeguards it safeguards his deen, and whoever neglects it neglects all his other affairs even more.”
A man said to Umar, “Amir al-muminin, would that you would spend a little more of the wealth of Allah on yourself!” Umar replied, “Do you know what the likeness is of me and this umma? We are like a group of people on a journey who gather all their money together and entrust it to one of their number to spend it on their behalf. Would it be permissible for that man to appropriate that money of theirs for himself?!”
Ask Allah that we rank among those for whom the Words of Allah hold true, “those who, if We establish them firmly on the earth, will establish salat and pay zakat, and command what is right and forbid what is  wrong. The end result of all affairs is with Allah.”
O Allah, place the best of us in authority over us and do not give authority to the worst of us, and open the way to right guidance for us in our situation.” Praise be to Allah, Lord of all the Worlds.